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  Homeostasis - homeo means same and stasis means standing. The definition of homeostasis is maintenance of the constant internal environment of the body. Internal environment is very necessary for normal life processes. The osmoregulation, excretion and homeostasis are inter linked with each other. Osmoregulation and excretion help in maintaining chemical and fluid homeostasis.  Osmoregulation- It is the process in which they regulate the body salt and water content. This process maintain the composition of the body fluids at steady state for efficient metabolism in the cells. The body fluids are of two types- i) Intracellular fluid- Found within the cells. ii) Extracellular Fluid - Found outside the cells.  Excretion - It regulates the volume, composition, ionic contents, pH and osmotic pressure of the body fluid by removing substance in harmful quantity and conserving material necessary for normal functioning of the body. Excretion maintain the homeostasis. All body ...

  Blood and Lymph are the two body fluids which constant supply the useful materials and simultaneously remove the waste substances. The main materials that need to transport in the body is gases, nutrients, hormones, waste materials and molecules. Blood and Lymph fluids are used by most of the higher organism. Circulation of blood fluids is also known as circulatory system.  Fluid is circulate inside the body by Intracellular circulation and Extracellular circulation.  Intracellular circulation- It occur in unicellular organisms. All the substances are distributed by regular streaming movement. It also brings carbon dioxide and nitrogenous waste near the cell membrane. Paramecium, Amoeba are the example of intracellular circulation.  Extracellular Circulation - some animals have additional techniques of fluid circulation outside the cell.  1) Environmental fluid circulation - Some invertebrates have no circulatory fluid. These animal circulate the surrounded ...

Human heart is the hollow muscular organ of the body which pump and supply the blood throughout the circulatory system. It is located a little to the left of the middle of chest. Heart is very sensitive organ and more responsible for life, so it covered with the rib cage to protect any injury. The weight of heart is about 240 grams and the size of heart is about a fist.  Structure -   The structure of heart is divided into two parts- Exterior structure and Interior structure.  1) Exterior structure -  Heart is made up of three layers of tissue- Pericardium, Myocardium and Endocardium.  i) Pericardium - is the outer layer of heart. It is made up of two layers Outer parietal pericardium and inner visceral pericardium. Between these layer their are potential space called pericardial cavity. This Pericardial cavity contain up to 50ml of pericardial fluid. This fluid keeps the heart moist and reduce the friction between heart wall and surrounding tissue, when the he...

Arteries 1) Arteries distributes blood from Heart to Body.  2) The flow of blood is fast due to heart beats. 3)  Arteries contain aerated blood. 4) In arteries their are no valves present in it. 5) Arteries become empty after the death of organism.  6) The tunica media is thin, because it contains fewer muscle fibers and elastic fibers.  7) Lumen in arteries are narrow. Vein 1 ) Veins brings the blood from Body to Heart. 2)  The flow of blood is slow.  3) Veins contain non-aerated blood.  4)  Veins contain valves, to prevent back flow of blood.  5) Blood is still in vein after death of organism.  6)  The tunica media is thicker than arteries, because it contain more muscle fibres and elastic fibres.  7) Lumen in veins are wider than arteries.